As a result of a national referendum on October 26, 1991, Turkmenistan was declared an independent state. The results of the referendum were fixed on October 27, 1991 in the Constitutional Law of Turkmenistan «On independence and the foundations of the State system».
However, time passed, and there were no noticeable improvements in the financial situation of industrial workers, builders, transport workers, signalmen, farmers, state employees, retired people and other socially unprotected citizens.
But a lot has been written and said about the spirituality and God-given election of Turkmens, despite the introduction of a 9-year education, the closure of opera, ballet, circus and even the Academy of Sciences. This trend has gained extraordinary strength since 2001, after the publication of Niyazov’s book «Rukhnama» («Spirituality»).